CoVe in Indonesia: A Case Study of Composite Violent Extremism

Adhiascha Iznandra Soemitro; Muhamad Syauqillah; I Made Wisnu Wardhana

doi:10.63931/ijchr.v7iSI3.591

Authors

Adhiascha Iznandra Soemitro School of Strategic and Global Studies, University of Indonesia, Indonesia
Muhamad Syauqillah School of Strategic and Global Studies, University of Indonesia, Indonesia
I Made Wisnu Wardhana School of Strategic and Global Studies, University of Indonesia, Indonesia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.63931/ijchr.v7iSI3.591

Keywords:

Composite Extremism, Hybrid Ideology, 3N Theory, Digital Technology

Abstract

The development of extremism in the modern era shows a complex pattern of waves and innovations, including the emergence of a hybrid and fluid composite extremism phenomenon involving various ideologies, motives, and strategies. The main problem faced is the difficulty of classifying and addressing threats that are no longer based on a single ideology but are the result of the convergence of ideological elements, criminality, and provocative to conspiratorial narratives that utilize digital technology, including social media. The solution offered is the development of a comprehensive conceptual framework, specifically the 3N theory approach (Needs, Networks, Narratives), which is supported by the theory grievances and social identity, to understand the dynamics of extremism and composite violence in Indonesia. This research applies the model to Indonesia to examine fluid and diverse forms of extremism previously studied mainly in the West. The results of the study indicate that, in Indonesia, terrorist groups do not exhibit composite elements of extremism. Instead, these elements are found in the extremist groups Anarcho-Syndicalist and FPI as well as the separatist group KKB Papua, which builds an exclusive collective identity through fluid narratives supported by social networks and digital media, and utilizes psychological and social needs. These findings confirm that modern extremism is adaptive and fluid, requiring holistic, inclusive, and sustainable prevention and response strategies. In conclusion, a deep understanding of the fusion of ideologies and sociocultural factors is crucial for developing effective security and social policies in addressing the dynamics of future extremism.

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CoVe in Indonesia: A Case Study of Composite Violent Extremism

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