Understanding Sociocultural Beliefs and Practices on Antimicrobial Resistance among the Health Workers of Lakewood, Zamboanga del Sur, Philippines

Abstract

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is shaped by social, cultural, behavioral, and economic factors influencing the misuse and overuse of antibiotics. This study used a descriptive qualitative design to examine knowledge, cultural beliefs, and health-seeking behaviors related to antibiotics in Lakewood, Zamboanga del Sur. Twenty participants joined focus group discussions, 14 from Barangay Poblacion and six from Barangay Bag-ong Kahayag, composed of barangay health workers and nutrition scholars. Four key informants, including three pharmacists and one physician, were also interviewed. Findings showed that most respondents understood only the general use of antibiotics and the need for a doctor’s prescription. However, pharmacists noted that some clients insisted on obtaining antibiotics without prescriptions, and these requests were occasionally accommodated. Many participants preferred alternative remedies such as sinew-sinaw, lagundi, and guava leaves, using antibiotics only when traditional treatments failed. Awareness of the link between antibiotic overuse and resistance was limited. The results suggest that inappropriate antibiotic use cannot be explained solely by lack of knowledge. Cultural norms, economic limitations, and entrenched practices in prescribing and self-medication also play a role. Addressing AMR therefore requires not only public education but also culturally sensitive and community-based interventions that consider the broader socio-cultural context of health-seeking behaviors.